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ADCLI(8) System Commands ADCLI(8)

NAME

adcli - Tool for performing actions on an Active Directory domain

SYNOPSIS

adcli info domain.example.com

adcli join domain.example.com

adcli update

adcli testjoin

adcli create-user [--domain=domain.example.com] user

adcli delete-user [--domain=domain.example.com] user

adcli create-group [--domain=domain.example.com] user

adcli delete-group [--domain=domain.example.com] user

adcli add-member [--domain=domain.example.com] group user...

adcli remove-member [--domain=domain.example.com] group user...

adcli preset-computer [--domain=domain.example.com] computer...

adcli reset-computer [--domain=domain.example.com] computer

adcli delete-computer [--domain=domain.example.com] computer

GENERAL OVERVIEW

adcli is a command line tool that can perform actions in an Active Directory domain. Among other things it can be used to join a computer to a domain.

See the various sub commands below. The following global options can be used:

-D, --domain=domain

The domain to connect to. If a domain is not specified, then the domain part of the local computer's host name is used.

-R, --domain-realm=REALM

Kerberos realm for the domain. If not specified, then the upper cased domain name is used.

-S, --domain-controller=server

Connect to a specific domain controller. If not specified, then an appropriate domain controller is automatically discovered.

--use-ldaps

Connect to the domain controller with LDAPS. By default the LDAP port is used and SASL GSS-SPNEGO or GSSAPI is used for authentication and to establish encryption. This should satisfy all requirements set on the server side and LDAPS should only be used if the LDAP port is not accessible due to firewalls or other reasons.

Please note that the place where CA certificates can be found to validate the AD DC certificates must be configured in the OpenLDAP configuration file, e.g. /etc/openldap/ldap.conf. As an alternative it can be specified with the help of an environment variable, e.g.

$ LDAPTLS_CACERT=/path/to/ad_dc_ca_cert.pem adcli join --use-ldaps -D domain.example.com
...

Please see ldap.conf(5) for details.

-C

Use the default Kerberos credential cache to authenticate with the domain.

--login-ccache[=ccache_name]

Use the specified Kerberos credential cache to authenticate with the domain. If no credential cache is specified, the default Kerberos credential cache will be used. Credential caches of type FILE can be given with the path to the file. For other credential cache types, e.g. DIR, KEYRING or KCM, the type must be specified explicitly together with a suitable identifier.

Please note that since the ccache_name is optional the =(equal) sign is mandatory. If = is missing the parameter is treated as optionless extra argument. How this is handled depends on the specific sub-command.

-U, --login-user=User

Use the specified user account to authenticate with the domain. If not specified, then the name 'Administrator' will be used.

--no-password

Don't show prompts for or read a password from input.

-W, --prompt-password

Prompt for a password if necessary. This is the default.

--stdin-password

Read a password from stdin input instead of prompting for a password.

-v, --verbose

Run in verbose mode with debug output.

QUERYING DOMAIN INFORMATION

adcli info displays discovered information about an Active Directory domain or an Active Directory domain controller.

$ adcli info domain.example.com
...

$ adcli info --domain-controller=dc.domain.example.com
...

adcli info will output as much information as it can about the domain. The information is designed to be both machine and human readable. The command will exit with a non-zero exit code if the domain does not exist or cannot be reached.

To show domain info for a specific domain controller use the --domain-controller option to specify which domain controller to query.

Use the --verbose option to show details of how the domain is discovered and queried. Many of the global options, in particular authentication options, are not usable with the adcli info command.

JOINING THE LOCAL MACHINE TO A DOMAIN

adcli join creates a computer account in the domain for the local machine, and sets up a keytab for the machine. It does not configure an authentication service (such as sssd).

$ adcli join domain.example.com
Password for Administrator:

In addition to the global options, you can specify the following options to control how this operation is done.

-N, --computer-name=computer

The short non-dotted name of the computer account that will be created in the domain. If not specified, then the first portion of the --host-fqdn is used.

-O, --domain-ou=OU=xxx

The full distinguished name of the OU in which to create the computer account. If not specified, then the computer account will be created in a default location.

-H, --host-fqdn=host

Override the local machine's fully qualified domain name. If not specified, the local machine's hostname will be retrieved via gethostname(). If gethostname() only returns a short name getaddrinfo() with the AI_CANONNAME hint is called to expand the name to a fully qualified domain name.

-K, --host-keytab=/path/to/keytab

Specify the path to the host keytab where host credentials will be written after a successful join operation. If not specified, the default location will be used, usually /etc/krb5.keytab.

--login-type={computer|user}

Specify the type of authentication that will be performed before creating the machine account in the domain. If set to 'computer', then the computer must already have a preset account in the domain. If not specified and none of the other --login-xxx arguments have been specified, then will try both 'computer' and 'user' authentication.

--os-name=name

Set the operating system name on the computer account. The default depends on where adcli was built, but is usually something like 'linux-gnu'.

--os-service-pack=pack

Set the operating system service pack on the computer account. Not set by default.

--os-version=version

Set the operating system version on the computer account. Not set by default.

--service-name=service

Additional service name for a kerberos principal to be created on the computer account. This option may be specified multiple times.

--user-principal=host/name@REALM

Set the userPrincipalName field of the computer account to this kerberos principal. If you omit the value for this option, then a principal will be set in the form of host/host.example.com@REALM

--one-time-password

Specify a one time password for a preset computer account. This is equivalent to using --login-type=computer and providing a password as input.

--trusted-for-delegation=yes|no|true|false

Set or unset the TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION flag in the userAccountControl attribute to allow or not allow that Kerberos tickets can be forwarded to the host.

--add-service-principal=service/hostname

Add a service principal name. In contrast to the --service-name the hostname part can be specified as well in case the service should be accessible with a different host name as well.

--show-details

After a successful join print out information about join operation. This is output in a format that should be both human and machine readable.

--show-password

After a successful join print out the computer machine account password. This is output in a format that should be both human and machine readable.

--add-samba-data

After a successful join add the domain SID and the machine account password to the Samba specific databases by calling Samba's net utility.

Please note that Samba's net requires some settings in smb.conf to create the database entries correctly. Most important here is currently the workgroup option, see smb.conf(5) for details.

--samba-data-tool=/path/to/net

If Samba's net cannot be found at /usr/bin/net, this option can be used to specific an alternative location with the help of an absolute path.

If supported on the AD side the msDS-supportedEncryptionTypes attribute will be set as well. Either the current value or the default list of AD's supported encryption types filtered by the permitted encryption types of the client's Kerberos configuration are written.

UPDATING THE MACHINE ACCOUNT PASSWORD AND OTHER ATTRIBUTES

adcli update updates the password of the computer account on the domain controller for the local machine, write the new keys to the keytab and removes older keys. It keeps the previous key on purpose because AD will need some time to replicate the new key to all DCs hence the previous key might still be used.

$ adcli update

If used with a credential cache, other attributes of the computer account can be changed as well if the principal has sufficient privileges.

$ kinit Administrator
$ adcli update --login-ccache=/tmp/krbcc_123

In addition to the global options, you can specify the following options to control how this operation is done.

-N, --computer-name=computer

The short non-dotted name of the computer account that will be created in the domain. If not specified, it will be retrieved from the keytab entries.

-H, --host-fqdn=host

The local machine's fully qualified domain name. If not specified, the local machine's hostname will be retrieved from the keytab entries.

-K, --host-keytab=/path/to/keytab

Specify the path to the host keytab where current host credentials are stored and the new ones will be written to. If not specified, the default location will be used, usually /etc/krb5.keytab.

--os-name=name

Set the operating system name on the computer account. Not set by default.

--os-service-pack=pack

Set the operating system service pack on the computer account. Not set by default.

--os-version=version

Set the operating system version on the computer account. Not set by default.

--service-name=service

Additional service name for a Kerberos principal to be created on the computer account. This option may be specified multiple times.

--user-principal=host/name@REALM

Set the userPrincipalName field of the computer account to this Kerberos principal.

--computer-password-lifetime=lifetime

Only update the password of the computer account if it is older than the lifetime given in days. By default the password is updated if it is older than 30 days.

--trusted-for-delegation=yes|no|true|false

Set or unset the TRUSTED_FOR_DELEGATION flag in the userAccountControl attribute to allow or not allow that Kerberos tickets can be forwarded to the host.

--add-service-principal=service/hostname

Add a service principal name. In contrast to the --service-name the hostname part can be specified as well in case the service should be accessible with a different host name as well.

--remove-service-principal=service/hostname

Remove a service principal name from the keytab and the AD host object.

--show-details

After a successful join print out information about join operation. This is output in a format that should be both human and machine readable.

--add-samba-data

After a successful join add the domain SID and the machine account password to the Samba specific databases by calling Samba's net utility.

Please note that Samba's net requires some settings in smb.conf to create the database entries correctly. Most important here is currently the workgroup option, see smb.conf(5) for details.

Note that if the machine account password is not older than 30 days, you have to pass --computer-password-lifetime=0 to force the update.

--samba-data-tool=/path/to/net

If Samba's net cannot be found at /usr/bin/net, this option can be used to specific an alternative location with the help of an absolute path.

If supported on the AD side the msDS-supportedEncryptionTypes attribute will be set as well. Either the current value or the default list of AD's supported encryption types filtered by the permitted encryption types of the client's Kerberos configuration are written.

TESTING IF THE MACHINE ACCOUNT PASSWORD IS VALID

adcli testjoin uses the current credentials in the keytab and tries to authenticate with the machine account to the AD domain. If this works the machine account password and the join are still valid. If it fails the machine account password or the whole machine account have to be refreshed with adcli join or adcli update.

$ adcli testjoin

Only the global options not related to authentication are available, additionally you can specify the following options to control how this operation is done.

-K, --host-keytab=/path/to/keytab

Specify the path to the host keytab where current host credentials are stored and the new ones will be written to. If not specified, the default location will be used, usually /etc/krb5.keytab.

CREATING A USER

adcli create-user creates a new user account in the domain.

$ adcli create-user Fry --domain=domain.example.com \
	--display-name="Philip J. Fry" --mail=fry@domain.example.com

In addition to the global options, you can specify the following options to control how the user is created.

--display-name="Name"

Set the displayName attribute of the new created user account.

-O, --domain-ou=OU=xxx

The full distinguished name of the OU in which to create the user account. If not specified, then the computer account will be created in a default location.

--mail=email@domain.com

Set the mail attribute of the new created user account. This attribute may be specified multiple times.

--unix-home=/home/user

Set the unixHomeDirectory attribute of the new created user account, which should be an absolute path to the user's home directory.

--unix-gid=111

Set the gidNumber attribute of the new created user account, which should be the user's numeric primary group id.

--unix-shell=/bin/shell

Set the loginShell attribute of the new created user account, which should be a path to a valid shell.

--unix-uid=111

Set the uidNumber attribute of the new created user account, which should be the user's numeric primary user id.

--nis-domain=nis_domain

Set the msSFU30NisDomain attribute of the new created user account, which should be the user's NIS domain is the NIS/YP service of Active Directory's Services for Unix (SFU) are used. This is needed to let the 'UNIX attributes' tab of older Active Directoy versions show the set UNIX specific attributes. If not specified adcli will try to determine the NIS domain automatically if needed.

DELETING A USER

adcli delete-user deletes a user account from the domain.

$ adcli delete-user Fry --domain=domain.example.com

The various global options can be used.

CREATING A GROUP

adcli create-group creates a new group in the domain.

$ adcli create-group Pilots --domain=domain.example.com \
	--description="Group for all pilots"

In addition to the global options, you can specify the following options to control how the group is created.

--description="text"

Set the description attribute of the new created group.

-O, --domain-ou=OU=xxx

The full distinguished name of the OU in which to create the group. If not specified, then the group will be created in a default location.

DELETING A GROUP

adcli delete-group deletes a group from the domain.

$ adcli delete-group Pilots --domain=domain.example.com

The various global options can be used.

ADDING A MEMBER TO A GROUP

adcli add-member adds one or more users to a group in the domain. The group is specified first, and then the various users to be added.

$ adcli add-member --domain=domain.example.com Pilots Leela Scruffy

The various global options can be used.

REMOVING A MEMBER FROM A GROUP

adcli remove-member removes a user from a group in the domain. The group is specified first, and then the various users to be removed.

$ adcli remove-member --domain=domain.example.com Pilots Scruffy

The various global options can be used.

PRESET COMPUTER ACCOUNTS

adcli preset-computer pre-creates one or more computer accounts in the domain for machines to later use when joining the domain. By doing this machines can join using a one time password or automatically without a password.

$ adcli preset-computer --domain=domain.example.com \
	host1.example.com host2
Password for Administrator:

If the computer names specified contain dots, then they are treated as fully qualified host names, otherwise they are treated as short computer names. The computer accounts must not already exist.

In addition to the global options, you can specify the following options to control how this operation is done.

-O, --domain-ou=OU=xxx

The full distinguished name of the OU in which to create the computer accounts. If not specified, then the computer account will be created in a default location.

--one-time-password

Specify a one time password to use when presetting the computer accounts. If not specified, then a default password will be used, which allows for later automatic joins.

--os-name=name

Set the operating system name on the computer account. The default depends on where adcli was built, but is usually something like 'linux-gnu'.

--os-service-pack=pack

Set the operating system service pack on the computer account. Not set by default.

--os-version=version

Set the operating system version on the computer account. Not set by default.

--service-name=service

Additional service name for a kerberos principal to be created on the computer account. This option may be specified multiple times.

--user-principal

Set the userPrincipalName field of the computer account to this kerberos principal in the form of host/host.example.com@REALM

RESET COMPUTER ACCOUNT

adcli reset-computer resets a computer account in the domain. If the appropriate machine is currently joined to the domain, then its membership will be broken. The account must already exist.

$ adcli reset-computer --domain=domain.example.com host2

If the computer names specified contain dots, then they are treated as fully qualified host names, otherwise they are treated as short computer names.

In addition to the global options, you can specify the following options to control how this operation is done.

--login-type={computer|user}

Specify the type of authentication that will be performed before creating the machine account in the domain. If set to 'computer', then the computer must already have a preset account in the domain. If not specified and none of the other --login-xxx arguments have been specified, then will try both 'computer' and 'user' authentication.

DELETE COMPUTER ACCOUNT

adcli delete-computer deletes a computer account in the domain. The account must already exist.

$ adcli delete-computer --domain=domain.example.com host2
Password for Administrator:

If the computer name contains a dot, then it is treated as fully qualified host name, otherwise it is treated as short computer name.

If no computer name is specified, then the host name of the computer adcli is running on is used, as returned by gethostname().

The various global options can be used.

BUGS

Please send bug reports to either the distribution bug tracker or the upstream bug tracker at https://bugs.freedesktop.org/enter_bug.cgi?product=realmd&component=adcli

SEE ALSO

realmd(8), net(8), sssd(8)

Further details available in the realmd online documentation at http://www.freedesktop.org/software/realmd/

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