NAME¶

fsck.fat - check and repair MS-DOS filesystems

SYNOPSIS¶

fsck.fat|fsck.msdos|fsck.vfat [-aAflnprtvVwy] [-d PATH -d ...] [-u PATH -u ...] DEVICE

DESCRIPTION¶

fsck.fat verifies the consistency of MS-DOS filesystems and optionally tries to repair them.

The following filesystem problems can be corrected (in this order):

• FAT contains invalid cluster numbers. Cluster is changed to EOF.
• File's cluster chain contains a loop. The loop is broken.
• Bad clusters (read errors). The clusters are marked bad and they are removed from files owning them. This check is optional.
• Directories with a large number of bad entries (probably corrupt). The directory can be deleted.
• Files . and .. are non-directories. They can be deleted or renamed.
• Directories . and .. in root directory. They are deleted.
• Bad filenames. They can be renamed.
• Duplicate directory entries. They can be deleted or renamed.
• Directories with non-zero size field. Size is set to zero.
• Directory . does not point to parent directory. The start pointer is adjusted.
• Directory .. does not point to parent of parent directory. The start pointer is adjusted.
• Start cluster number of a file is invalid. The file is truncated.
• File contains bad or free clusters. The file is truncated.
• File's cluster chain is longer than indicated by the size fields. The file is truncated.
• Two or more files share the same cluster(s). All but one of the files are truncated. If the file being truncated is a directory file that has already been read, the filesystem check is restarted after truncation.
• File's cluster chain is shorter than indicated by the size fields. The file is truncated.
• Clusters are marked as used but are not owned by a file. They are marked as free.

Additionally, the following problems are detected, but not repaired:

• Invalid parameters in boot sector.
• Absence of . and .. entries in non-root directories

When fsck.fat checks a filesystem, it accumulates all changes in memory and performs them only after all checks are complete. This can be disabled with the -w option.

OPTIONS¶

-a

Automatically repair the filesystem. No user intervention is necessary. Whenever there is more than one method to solve a problem, the least destructive approach is used.

-A

Use Atari variation of the MS-DOS filesystem. This is default if fsck.fat is run on an Atari, then this option turns off Atari format. There are some minor differences in Atari format: Some boot sector fields are interpreted slightly different, and the special FAT entries for end-of-file and bad cluster can be different. Under MS-DOS 0xfff8 is used for EOF and Atari employs 0xffff by default, but both systems recognize all values from 0xfff8...0xffff as end-of-file. MS-DOS uses only 0xfff7 for bad clusters, where on Atari values 0xfff0...0xfff7 are for this purpose (but the standard value is still 0xfff7).

-b

Make read-only boot sector check.

-d

Delete the specified file. If more that one file with that name exists, the first one is deleted.

-f

Salvage unused cluster chains to files. By default, unused clusters are added to the free disk space except in auto mode (-a).

-l

List path names of files being processed.

-n

No-operation mode: non-interactively check for errors, but don't write anything to the filesystem.

-p

Same as (-a), for compatibility with other *fsck.

-r

Interactively repair the filesystem. The user is asked for advice whenever there is more than one approach to fix an inconsistency.

-t

Mark unreadable clusters as bad.

-u

Try to undelete the specified file. fsck.fat tries to allocate a chain of contiguous unallocated clusters beginning with the start cluster of the undeleted file.

-v

Verbose mode. Generates slightly more output.

-V

Perform a verification pass. The filesystem check is repeated after the first run. The second pass should never report any fixable errors. It may take considerably longer than the first pass, because the first pass may have generated long list of modifications that have to be scanned for each disk read.

-w

Write changes to disk immediately.

-y

Same as -a (automatically repair filesystem) for compatibility with other fsck tools.

Note: If -a and -r are absent, the filesystem is only checked, but not repaired.

EXIT STATUS¶

0

No recoverable errors have been detected.

1

Recoverable errors have been detected or fsck.fat has discovered an internal inconsistency.

2

Usage error. fsck.fat did not access the filesystem.

FILES¶

fsck0000.rec, fsck0001.rec, ...

When recovering from a corrupted filesystem, fsck.fat dumps recovered data into files named 'fsckNNNN.rec' in the top level directory of the filesystem.

BUGS¶

Does not create . and .. files where necessary. Does not remove entirely empty directories. Should give more diagnostic messages. Undeleting files should use a more sophisticated algorithm.

SEE ALSO¶

fatlabel(8)
mkfs.fat(8)

HOMEPAGE¶

More information about fsck.fat and dosfstools can be found at <http://daniel-baumann.ch/software/dosfstools/>.

AUTHORS¶

dosfstools were written by Werner Almesberger <werner.almesberger@lrc.di.epfl.ch>, Roman Hodek <Roman.Hodek@informatik.uni-erlangen.de>, and others. The current maintainer is Daniel Baumann <mail@daniel-baumann.ch>.