NAME¶

editline, el_init, el_end, el_reset, el_gets, el_wgets, el_getc, el_wgetc, el_push, el_wpush, el_parse, el_wparse, el_set, el_wset, el_get, el_wget, el_source, el_resize, el_line, el_wline, el_insertstr, el_winsertstr, el_deletestr, el_wdeletestr, history_init, history_winit, history_end, history_wend, history, history_w, tok_init, tok_winit, tok_end, tok_wend, tok_reset, tok_wreset, tok_line, tok_wline, tok_str tok_wstr — line editor, history and tokenization functions

LIBRARY¶

Command Line Editor Library (libedit, -ledit)

SYNOPSIS¶

#include <histedit.h>

EditLine *
el_init(const char *prog, FILE *fin, FILE *fout, FILE *ferr);

void
el_end(EditLine *e);

void
el_reset(EditLine *e);

const char *
el_gets(EditLine *e, int *count);

const wchar_t *
el_wgets(EditLine *e, int *count);

int
el_getc(EditLine *e, char *ch);

int
el_wgetc(EditLine *e, wchar_t *ch);

void
el_push(EditLine *e, const char *str);

void
el_wpush(EditLine *e, const wchar_t *str);

int
el_parse(EditLine *e, int argc, const char *argv[]);

int
el_wparse(EditLine *e, int argc, const wchar_t *argv[]);

int
el_set(EditLine *e, int op, ...);

int
el_wset(EditLine *e, int op, ...);

int
el_get(EditLine *e, int op, ...);

int
el_wget(EditLine *e, int op, ...);

int
el_source(EditLine *e, const char *file);

void
el_resize(EditLine *e);

const LineInfo *
el_line(EditLine *e);

int
el_insertstr(EditLine *e, const char *str);

int
el_winsertstr(EditLine *e, const wchar_t *str);

void
el_deletestr(EditLine *e, int count);

void
el_wdeletestr(EditLine *e, int count);

History *
history_init();

HistoryW *
history_winit();

void
history_end(History *h);

void
history_wend(HistoryW *h);

int
history(History *h, HistEvent *ev, int op, ...);

int
history_w(HistoryW *h, HistEventW *ev, int op, ...);

Tokenizer *
tok_init(const char *IFS);

TokenizerW *
tok_winit(const wchar_t *IFS);

void
tok_end(Tokenizer *t);

void
tok_wend(TokenizerW *t);

void
tok_reset(Tokenizer *t);

void
tok_wreset(TokenizerW *t);

int
tok_line(Tokenizer *t, const LineInfo *li, int *argc, const char **argv[], int *cursorc, int *cursoro);

int
tok_wline(TokenizerW *t, const LineInfoW *li, int *argc, const wchar_t **argv[], int *cursorc, int *cursoro);

int
tok_str(Tokenizer *t, const char *str, int *argc, const char **argv[]);

int
tok_wstr(TokenizerW *t, const wchar_t *str, int *argc, const wchar_t **argv[]);

DESCRIPTION¶

The editline library provides generic line editing, history and tokenization functions, similar to those found in sh(1).

These functions are available in the libedit library (which needs the libtermcap library). Programs should be linked with -ledit -ltermcap.

LINE EDITING FUNCTIONS¶

The line editing functions use a common data structure, EditLine, which is created by el_init() and freed by el_end().

The wide-character functions behave the same way as their narrow counterparts.

The following functions are available:

el_init()

Initialise the line editor, and return a data structure to be used by all other line editing functions. prog is the name of the invoking program, used when reading the editrc(5) file to determine which settings to use. fin, fout and ferr are the input, output, and error streams (respectively) to use. In this documentation, references to “the tty” are actually to this input/output stream combination.

el_end()

Clean up and finish with e, assumed to have been created with el_init().

el_reset()

Reset the tty and the parser. This should be called after an error which may have upset the tty's state.

el_gets()

Read a line from the tty. count is modified to contain the number of characters read. Returns the line read if successful, or NULL if no characters were read or if an error occurred. If an error occurred, count is set to -1 and errno contains the error code that caused it. The return value may not remain valid across calls to el_gets() and must be copied if the data is to be retained.

el_getc()

Read a character from the tty. ch is modified to contain the character read. Returns the number of characters read if successful, -1 otherwise, in which case errno can be inspected for the cause.

el_push()

Pushes str back onto the input stream. This is used by the macro expansion mechanism. Refer to the description of bind -s in editrc(5) for more information.

el_parse()

Parses the argv array (which is argc elements in size) to execute builtin editline commands. If the command is prefixed with “prog”: then el_parse() will only execute the command if “prog” matches the prog argument supplied to el_init(). The return value is -1 if the command is unknown, 0 if there was no error or “prog” didn't match, or 1 if the command returned an error. Refer to editrc(5) for more information.

el_set()

Set editline parameters. op determines which parameter to set, and each operation has its own parameter list.

The following values for op are supported, along with the required argument list:

EL_PROMPT, char *(*f)(EditLine *)

Define prompt printing function as f, which is to return a string that contains the prompt.

EL_PROMPT_ESC, char *(*f)(EditLine *), char c

Same as EL_PROMPT, but the c argument indicates the start/stop literal prompt character.

If a start/stop literal character is found in the prompt, the character itself is not printed, but characters after it are printed directly to the terminal without affecting the state of the current line. A subsequent second start/stop literal character ends this behavior. This is typically used to embed literal escape sequences that change the color/style of the terminal in the prompt. 0 unsets it.

EL_REFRESH

Re-display the current line on the next terminal line.

EL_RPROMPT, char *(*f)(EditLine *)

Define right side prompt printing function as f, which is to return a string that contains the prompt.

EL_RPROMPT_ESC, char *(*f)(EditLine *), char c

Define the right prompt printing function but with a literal escape character.

EL_TERMINAL, const char *type

Define terminal type of the tty to be type, or to TERM if type is NULL.

EL_EDITOR, const char *mode

Set editing mode to mode, which must be one of “emacs” or “vi”.

EL_SIGNAL, int flag

If flag is non-zero, editline will install its own signal handler for the following signals when reading command input: SIGCONT, SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGSTOP, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP, and SIGWINCH. Otherwise, the current signal handlers will be used.

EL_BIND, const char *, ..., NULL

Perform the bind builtin command. Refer to editrc(5) for more information.

EL_ECHOTC, const char *, ..., NULL

Perform the echotc builtin command. Refer to editrc(5) for more information.

EL_SETTC, const char *, ..., NULL

Perform the settc builtin command. Refer to editrc(5) for more information.

EL_SETTY, const char *, ..., NULL

Perform the setty builtin command. Refer to editrc(5) for more information.

EL_TELLTC, const char *, ..., NULL

Perform the telltc builtin command. Refer to editrc(5) for more information.

EL_ADDFN, const char *name, const char *help, unsigned char (*func)(EditLine *e, int ch)

Add a user defined function, func(), referred to as name which is invoked when a key which is bound to name is entered. help is a description of name. At invocation time, ch is the key which caused the invocation. The return value of func() should be one of:

CC_NORM

Add a normal character.

CC_NEWLINE

End of line was entered.

CC_EOF

EOF was entered.

CC_ARGHACK

Expecting further command input as arguments, do nothing visually.

CC_REFRESH

Refresh display.

CC_REFRESH_BEEP

Refresh display, and beep.

CC_CURSOR

Cursor moved, so update and perform CC_REFRESH.

CC_REDISPLAY

Redisplay entire input line. This is useful if a key binding outputs extra information.

CC_ERROR

An error occurred. Beep, and flush tty.

CC_FATAL

Fatal error, reset tty to known state.

EL_HIST, History *(*func)(History *, int op, ...), const char *ptr

Defines which history function to use, which is usually history(). ptr should be the value returned by history_init().

EL_EDITMODE, int flag

If flag is non-zero, editing is enabled (the default). Note that this is only an indication, and does not affect the operation of editline. At this time, it is the caller's responsibility to check this (using el_get()) to determine if editing should be enabled or not.

EL_UNBUFFERED, int flag

If flag is zero, unbuffered mode is disabled (the default). In unbuffered mode, el_gets() will return immediately after processing a single character.

EL_GETCFN, int (*f)(EditLine *, char *c)

Define the character reading function as f, which is to return the number of characters read and store them in c. This function is called internally by el_gets() and el_getc(). The builtin function can be set or restored with the special function name “EL_BUILTIN_GETCFN”.

EL_CLIENTDATA, void *data

Register data to be associated with this EditLine structure. It can be retrieved with the corresponding el_get() call.

EL_SETFP, int fd, FILE *fp

Set the current editline file pointer for “input” fd = 0, “output” fd = 1, or “error” fd = 2 from fp.

el_get()

Get editline parameters. op determines which parameter to retrieve into result. Returns 0 if successful, -1 otherwise.

The following values for op are supported, along with actual type of result:

EL_PROMPT, char *(*f)(EditLine *), char *c

Return a pointer to the function that displays the prompt in f. If c is not NULL, return the start/stop literal prompt character in it.

EL_RPROMPT, char *(*f)(EditLine *), char *c

Return a pointer to the function that displays the prompt in f. If c is not NULL, return the start/stop literal prompt character in it.

EL_EDITOR, const char **

Return the name of the editor, which will be one of “emacs” or “vi”.

EL_GETTC, const char *name, void *value

Return non-zero if name is a valid termcap(5) capability and set value to the current value of that capability.

EL_SIGNAL, int *

Return non-zero if editline has installed private signal handlers (see el_get() above).

EL_EDITMODE, int *

Return non-zero if editing is enabled.

EL_GETCFN, int (**f)(EditLine *, char *)

Return a pointer to the function that read characters, which is equal to “EL_BUILTIN_GETCFN” in the case of the default builtin function.

EL_CLIENTDATA, void **data

Retrieve data previously registered with the corresponding el_set() call.

EL_UNBUFFERED, int

Return non-zero if unbuffered mode is enabled.

EL_PREP_TERM, int

Sets or clears terminal editing mode.

EL_GETFP, int fd, FILE **fp

Return in fp the current editline file pointer for “input” fd = 0, “output” fd = 1, or “error” fd = 2.

el_source()

Initialise editline by reading the contents of file. el_parse() is called for each line in file. If file is NULL, try $PWD/.editrc then $HOME/.editrc. Refer to editrc(5) for details on the format of file.

el_resize()

Must be called if the terminal size changes. If EL_SIGNAL has been set with el_set(), then this is done automatically. Otherwise, it's the responsibility of the application to call el_resize() on the appropriate occasions.

el_line()

Return the editing information for the current line in a LineInfo structure, which is defined as follows:

typedef struct lineinfo {
    const char *buffer;    /* address of buffer */
    const char *cursor;    /* address of cursor */
    const char *lastchar;  /* address of last character */
} LineInfo;

buffer is not NUL terminated. This function may be called after el_gets() to obtain the LineInfo structure pertaining to line returned by that function, and from within user defined functions added with EL_ADDFN.

el_insertstr()

Insert str into the line at the cursor. Returns -1 if str is empty or won't fit, and 0 otherwise.

el_deletestr()

Delete count characters before the cursor.

HISTORY LIST FUNCTIONS¶

The history functions use a common data structure, History, which is created by history_init() and freed by history_end().

The following functions are available:

history_init()

Initialise the history list, and return a data structure to be used by all other history list functions.

history_end()

Clean up and finish with h, assumed to have been created with history_init().

history()

Perform operation op on the history list, with optional arguments as needed by the operation. ev is changed accordingly to operation. The following values for op are supported, along with the required argument list:

H_SETSIZE, int size

Set size of history to size elements.

H_GETSIZE

Get number of events currently in history.

H_END

Cleans up and finishes with h, assumed to be created with history_init().

H_CLEAR

Clear the history.

H_FUNC, void *ptr, history_gfun_t first, history_gfun_t next, history_gfun_t last, history_gfun_t prev, history_gfun_t curr, history_sfun_t set, history_vfun_t clear, history_efun_t enter, history_efun_t add

Define functions to perform various history operations. ptr is the argument given to a function when it's invoked.

H_FIRST

Return the first element in the history.

H_LAST

Return the last element in the history.

H_PREV

Return the previous element in the history.

H_NEXT

Return the next element in the history.

H_CURR

Return the current element in the history.

H_SET

Set the cursor to point to the requested element.

H_ADD, const char *str

Append str to the current element of the history, or perform the H_ENTER operation with argument str if there is no current element.

H_APPEND, const char *str

Append str to the last new element of the history.

H_ENTER, const char *str

Add str as a new element to the history, and, if necessary, removing the oldest entry to keep the list to the created size. If H_SETUNIQUE was has been called with a non-zero arguments, the element will not be entered into the history if its contents match the ones of the current history element. If the element is entered history() returns 1, if it is ignored as a duplicate returns 0. Finally history() returns -1 if an error occurred.

H_PREV_STR, const char *str

Return the closest previous event that starts with str.

H_NEXT_STR, const char *str

Return the closest next event that starts with str.

H_PREV_EVENT, int e

Return the previous event numbered e.

H_NEXT_EVENT, int e

Return the next event numbered e.

H_LOAD, const char *file

Load the history list stored in file.

H_SAVE, const char *file

Save the history list to file.

H_SETUNIQUE, int unique

Set flag that adjacent identical event strings should not be entered into the history.

H_GETUNIQUE

Retrieve the current setting if adjacent identical elements should be entered into the history.

H_DEL, int e

Delete the event numbered e. This function is only provided for readline(3) compatibility. The caller is responsible for free'ing the string in the returned HistEvent.

history() returns >= 0 if the operation op succeeds. Otherwise, -1 is returned and ev is updated to contain more details about the error.

TOKENIZATION FUNCTIONS¶

The tokenization functions use a common data structure, Tokenizer, which is created by tok_init() and freed by tok_end().

The following functions are available:

tok_init()

Initialise the tokenizer, and return a data structure to be used by all other tokenizer functions. IFS contains the Input Field Separators, which defaults to ⟨space⟩, ⟨tab⟩, and ⟨newline⟩ if NULL.

tok_end()

Clean up and finish with t, assumed to have been created with tok_init().

tok_reset()

Reset the tokenizer state. Use after a line has been successfully tokenized by tok_line() or tok_str() and before a new line is to be tokenized.

tok_line()

Tokenize li, If successful, modify: argv to contain the words, argc to contain the number of words, cursorc (if not NULL) to contain the index of the word containing the cursor, and cursoro (if not NULL) to contain the offset within argv[cursorc] of the cursor.

Returns 0 if successful, -1 for an internal error, 1 for an unmatched single quote, 2 for an unmatched double quote, and 3 for a backslash quoted ⟨newline⟩. A positive exit code indicates that another line should be read and tokenization attempted again.

tok_str()

A simpler form of tok_line(); str is a NUL terminated string to tokenize.

SEE ALSO¶

sh(1), signal(3), termcap(3), editrc(5), termcap(5)

HISTORY¶

The editline library first appeared in 4.4BSD. CC_REDISPLAY appeared in NetBSD 1.3. CC_REFRESH_BEEP, EL_EDITMODE and the readline emulation appeared in NetBSD 1.4. EL_RPROMPT appeared in NetBSD 1.5.

AUTHORS¶

The editline library was written by Christos Zoulas. Luke Mewburn wrote this manual and implemented CC_REDISPLAY, CC_REFRESH_BEEP, EL_EDITMODE, and EL_RPROMPT. Jaromir Dolecek implemented the readline emulation. Johny Mattsson implemented wide-character support.

BUGS¶

At this time, it is the responsibility of the caller to check the result of the EL_EDITMODE operation of el_get() (after an el_source() or el_parse()) to determine if editline should be used for further input. I.e., EL_EDITMODE is purely an indication of the result of the most recent editrc(5) edit command.