PROLOG¶

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME¶

sqrt, sqrtf, sqrtl - square root function

SYNOPSIS¶

#include <math.h>

double sqrt(double x);
float sqrtf(float x);
long double sqrtl(long double x);

DESCRIPTION¶

These functions shall compute the square root of their argument x, sqrt(x).

An application wishing to check for error situations should set errno to zero and call feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT) before calling these functions. On return, if errno is non-zero or fetestexcept(FE_INVALID | FE_DIVBYZERO | FE_OVERFLOW | FE_UNDERFLOW) is non-zero, an error has occurred.

RETURN VALUE¶

Upon successful completion, these functions shall return the square root of x.

For finite values of x < -0, a domain error shall occur, and  either a NaN (if supported), or an implementation-defined value shall be returned.

If x is NaN, a NaN shall be returned.

If x is ±0 or +Inf, x shall be returned.

If x is -Inf, a domain error shall occur, and either a NaN (if supported), or an implementation-defined value shall be returned.

ERRORS¶

These functions shall fail if:

Domain Error

The finite value of x is < -0, or x is -Inf.

If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) is non-zero, then errno shall be set to [EDOM]. If the integer expression (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) is non-zero, then the invalid floating-point exception shall be raised.

The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES¶

#include <math.h>
...
double x = 9.0;
double result;
...
result = sqrt(x);

APPLICATION USAGE¶

On error, the expressions (math_errhandling & MATH_ERRNO) and (math_errhandling & MATH_ERREXCEPT) are independent of each other, but at least one of them must be non-zero.

RATIONALE¶

None.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS¶

None.

SEE ALSO¶

feclearexcept(), fetestexcept(), isnan(), the Base Definitions volume of IEEE Std 1003.1-2001, Section 4.18, Treatment of Error Conditions for Mathematical Functions, <math.h>, <stdio.h>

COPYRIGHT¶

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2003 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2003 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .