ZGELSD computes the minimum-norm solution to a real linear least


 squares problem:


     minimize 2-norm(| b - A*x |)


 using the singular value decomposition (SVD) of A. A is an M-by-N


 matrix which may be rank-deficient.


 Several right hand side vectors b and solution vectors x can be


 handled in a single call; they are stored as the columns of the


 M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B and the N-by-NRHS solution


 matrix X.


 The problem is solved in three steps:


 (1) Reduce the coefficient matrix A to bidiagonal form with


     Householder transformations, reducing the original problem


     into a "bidiagonal least squares problem" (BLS)


 (2) Solve the BLS using a divide and conquer approach.


 (3) Apply back all the Householder transformations to solve


     the original least squares problem.


 The effective rank of A is determined by treating as zero those


 singular values which are less than RCOND times the largest singular


 value.


 The divide and conquer algorithm makes very mild assumptions about


 floating point arithmetic. It will work on machines with a guard


 digit in add/subtract, or on those binary machines without guard


 digits which subtract like the Cray X-MP, Cray Y-MP, Cray C-90, or


 Cray-2. It could conceivably fail on hexadecimal or decimal machines


 without guard digits, but we know of none.

M

          M is INTEGER


          The number of rows of the matrix A. M >= 0.

N

          N is INTEGER


          The number of columns of the matrix A. N >= 0.

NRHS

          NRHS is INTEGER


          The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns


          of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0.

A

          A is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDA,N)


          On entry, the M-by-N matrix A.


          On exit, A has been destroyed.

LDA

          LDA is INTEGER


          The leading dimension of the array A. LDA >= max(1,M).

B

          B is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (LDB,NRHS)


          On entry, the M-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B.


          On exit, B is overwritten by the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X.


          If m >= n and RANK = n, the residual sum-of-squares for


          the solution in the i-th column is given by the sum of


          squares of the modulus of elements n+1:m in that column.

LDB

          LDB is INTEGER


          The leading dimension of the array B.  LDB >= max(1,M,N).

S

          S is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (min(M,N))


          The singular values of A in decreasing order.


          The condition number of A in the 2-norm = S(1)/S(min(m,n)).

RCOND

          RCOND is DOUBLE PRECISION


          RCOND is used to determine the effective rank of A.


          Singular values S(i) <= RCOND*S(1) are treated as zero.


          If RCOND < 0, machine precision is used instead.

RANK

          RANK is INTEGER


          The effective rank of A, i.e., the number of singular values


          which are greater than RCOND*S(1).

WORK

          WORK is COMPLEX*16 array, dimension (MAX(1,LWORK))


          On exit, if INFO = 0, WORK(1) returns the optimal LWORK.

LWORK

          LWORK is INTEGER


          The dimension of the array WORK. LWORK must be at least 1.


          The exact minimum amount of workspace needed depends on M,


          N and NRHS. As long as LWORK is at least


              2*N + N*NRHS


          if M is greater than or equal to N or


              2*M + M*NRHS


          if M is less than N, the code will execute correctly.


          For good performance, LWORK should generally be larger.


          If LWORK = -1, then a workspace query is assumed; the routine


          only calculates the optimal size of the array WORK and the


          minimum sizes of the arrays RWORK and IWORK, and returns


          these values as the first entries of the WORK, RWORK and


          IWORK arrays, and no error message related to LWORK is issued


          by XERBLA.

RWORK

          RWORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (MAX(1,LRWORK))


          LRWORK >=


             10*N + 2*N*SMLSIZ + 8*N*NLVL + 3*SMLSIZ*NRHS +


             MAX( (SMLSIZ+1)**2, N*(1+NRHS) + 2*NRHS )


          if M is greater than or equal to N or


             10*M + 2*M*SMLSIZ + 8*M*NLVL + 3*SMLSIZ*NRHS +


             MAX( (SMLSIZ+1)**2, N*(1+NRHS) + 2*NRHS )


          if M is less than N, the code will execute correctly.


          SMLSIZ is returned by ILAENV and is equal to the maximum


          size of the subproblems at the bottom of the computation


          tree (usually about 25), and


             NLVL = MAX( 0, INT( LOG_2( MIN( M,N )/(SMLSIZ+1) ) ) + 1 )


          On exit, if INFO = 0, RWORK(1) returns the minimum LRWORK.

IWORK

          IWORK is INTEGER array, dimension (MAX(1,LIWORK))


          LIWORK >= max(1, 3*MINMN*NLVL + 11*MINMN),


          where MINMN = MIN( M,N ).


          On exit, if INFO = 0, IWORK(1) returns the minimum LIWORK.

INFO

          INFO is INTEGER


          = 0: successful exit


          < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value.


          > 0:  the algorithm for computing the SVD failed to converge;


                if INFO = i, i off-diagonal elements of an intermediate


                bidiagonal form did not converge to zero.

Univ. of Tennessee

Univ. of California Berkeley

Univ. of Colorado Denver

NAG Ltd.

June 2017

Ming Gu and Ren-Cang Li, Computer Science Division, University of California at Berkeley, USA
Osni Marques, LBNL/NERSC, USA