PROLOG¶

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME¶

pipe — create an interprocess channel

SYNOPSIS¶

#include <unistd.h>

int pipe(int fildes[2]);

DESCRIPTION¶

The pipe() function shall create a pipe and place two file descriptors, one each into the arguments fildes[0] and fildes[1], that refer to the open file descriptions for the read and write ends of the pipe. Their integer values shall be the two lowest available at the time of the pipe() call. The O_NONBLOCK and FD_CLOEXEC flags shall be clear on both file descriptors. (The fcntl() function can be used to set both these flags.)

Data can be written to the file descriptor fildes[1] and read from the file descriptor fildes[0]. A read on the file descriptor fildes[0] shall access data written to the file descriptor fildes[1] on a first-in-first-out basis. It is unspecified whether fildes[0] is also open for writing and whether fildes[1] is also open for reading.

A process has the pipe open for reading (correspondingly writing) if it has a file descriptor open that refers to the read end, fildes[0] (write end, fildes[1]).

The pipe's user ID shall be set to the effective user ID of the calling process.

The pipe's group ID shall be set to the effective group ID of the calling process.

Upon successful completion, pipe() shall mark for update the last data access, last data modification, and last file status change timestamps of the pipe.

RETURN VALUE¶

Upon successful completion, 0 shall be returned; otherwise, −1 shall be returned and errno set to indicate the error.

ERRORS¶

The pipe() function shall fail if:

EMFILE

All, or all but one, of the file descriptors available to the process are currently open.

ENFILE

The number of simultaneously open files in the system would exceed a system-imposed limit.

The following sections are informative.

EXAMPLES¶

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
...

int fildes[2];
const int BSIZE = 100;
char buf[BSIZE];
ssize_t nbytes;
int status;

status = pipe(fildes);
if (status == −1 ) {


    /* an error occurred */


    ...
}

switch (fork()) {
case −1: /* Handle error */


    break;

case 0:  /* Child - reads from pipe */


    close(fildes[1]);                       /* Write end is unused */


    nbytes = read(fildes[0], buf, BSIZE);   /* Get data from pipe */


    /* At this point, a further read would see end of file ... */


    close(fildes[0]);                       /* Finished with pipe */


    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);

default:  /* Parent - writes to pipe */


    close(fildes[0]);                       /* Read end is unused */


    write(fildes[1], "Hello world\n", 12);  /* Write data on pipe */


    close(fildes[1]);                       /* Child will see EOF */


    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

APPLICATION USAGE¶

None.

RATIONALE¶

The wording carefully avoids using the verb ``to open'' in order to avoid any implication of use of open(); see also write().

FUTURE DIRECTIONS¶

None.

SEE ALSO¶

fcntl(), read(), write()

The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2008, <fcntl.h>, <unistd.h>

COPYRIGHT¶

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2013 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, Copyright (C) 2013 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. (This is POSIX.1-2008 with the 2013 Technical Corrigendum 1 applied.) In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.unix.org/online.html .

Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .