Add the user to the supplementary group(s). Use only with the -G option.

The new value of the user's password file comment field. It is normally modified using the chfn(1) utility.

用户的新登录目录。

If the -m option is given, the contents of the current home directory will be moved to the new home directory, which is created if it does not already exist. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created.

The date on which the user account will be disabled. The date is specified in the format YYYY-MM-DD.

An empty EXPIRE_DATE argument will disable the expiration of the account.

This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.

密码过期之后，账户被彻底禁用之前的天数。

0 表示密码过期时，立即禁用账户；-1 表示不使用这个功能。

This option requires a /etc/shadow file. A /etc/shadow entry will be created if there were none.

用户的新初始登录组的组名或数字代号。此组必须存在。

用户主目录中，属于原来的主组的文件将转交新组所有。

主目录之外的文件所属的组必须手动修改。

The change of the group ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is safety measure for special home directories such as /.

A list of supplementary groups which the user is also a member of. Each group is separated from the next by a comma, with no intervening whitespace. The groups are subject to the same restrictions as the group given with the -g option.

If the user is currently a member of a group which is not listed, the user will be removed from the group. This behaviour can be changed via the -a option, which appends the user to the current supplementary group list.

The name of the user will be changed from LOGIN to NEW_LOGIN. Nothing else is changed. In particular, the user's home directory or mail spool should probably be renamed manually to reflect the new login name.

Lock a user's password. This puts a '!' in front of the encrypted password, effectively disabling the password. You can't use this option with -p or -U.

Note: if you wish to lock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE to 1.

Move the content of the user's home directory to the new location. If the current home directory does not exist the new home directory will not be created.

This option is only valid in combination with the -d (or --home) option.

usermod will try to adapt the ownership of the files and to copy the modes, ACL and extended attributes, but manual changes might be needed afterwards.

When used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique value.

The encrypted password, as returned by crypt(3).

Note: This option is not recommended because the password (or encrypted password) will be visible by users listing the processes.

您应该确保密码符合系统的密码政策。

Apply changes in the CHROOT_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the CHROOT_DIR directory.

Apply changes in the PREFIX_DIR directory and use the configuration files from the PREFIX_DIR directory. This option does not chroot and is intended for preparing a cross-compilation target. Some limitations: NIS and LDAP users/groups are not verified. PAM authentication is using the host files. No SELINUX support.

用户的新登录 shell 的名称。将此字段设置为空会让系统选择默认的登录 shell。

用户 ID 的新数值。

This value must be unique, unless the -o option is used. The value must be non-negative.

用户的邮箱，用户主目录中属于此用户的文件的属主 ID 也将自动更改。

用户主目录之外文件所有权必须手动修复。

The change of the user ownership of files inside of the user's home directory is also not done if the home dir owner uid is different from the current or new user id. This is safety measure for special home directories such as /.

No checks will be performed with regard to the UID_MIN, UID_MAX, SYS_UID_MIN, or SYS_UID_MAX from /etc/login.defs.

Unlock a user's password. This removes the '!' in front of the encrypted password. You can't use this option with -p or -L.

Note: if you wish to unlock the account (not only access with a password), you should also set the EXPIRE_DATE (for example to 99999, or to the EXPIRE value from /etc/default/useradd).

Add a range of subordinate uids to the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

Remove a range of subordinate uids from the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both --del-subuids and --add-subuids are specified, the removal of all subordinate uid ranges happens before any subordinate uid range is added.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, or SUB_UID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

Add a range of subordinate gids to the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to add multiple ranges to a users account.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

Remove a range of subordinate gids from the user's account.

This option may be specified multiple times to remove multiple ranges to a users account. When both --del-subgids and --add-subgids are specified, the removal of all subordinate gid ranges happens before any subordinate gid range is added.

No checks will be performed with regard to SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, or SUB_GID_COUNT from /etc/login.defs.

用户登陆的 SELinux 用户。

A blank SEUSER will remove the SELinux user mapping for user LOGIN (if any).

邮箱目录。修改或删除用户账户时需要处理邮箱，如果没有指定，将使用编译时指定的默认值。

定义用户邮箱文件的位置(相对于主目录)。

Maximum members per group entry. When the maximum is reached, a new group entry (line) is started in /etc/group (with the same name, same password, and same GID).

默认值是 0，意味着组中的成员数没有限制。

此功能(分割组)允许限制组文件中的行长度。这对于确保 NIS 组的行比长于 1024 字符。

如果要强制这个限制，可以使用 25。

注意：分割组可能不受所有工具的支持(甚至在 Shadow 工具集中)。您不应该使用这个变量，除非真的需要。

If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate group IDs) allocate SUB_GID_COUNT unused group IDs from the range SUB_GID_MIN to SUB_GID_MAX for each new user.

The default values for SUB_GID_MIN, SUB_GID_MAX, SUB_GID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.

If /etc/subuid exists, the commands useradd and newusers (unless the user already have subordinate user IDs) allocate SUB_UID_COUNT unused user IDs from the range SUB_UID_MIN to SUB_UID_MAX for each new user.

The default values for SUB_UID_MIN, SUB_UID_MAX, SUB_UID_COUNT are respectively 100000, 600100000 and 65536.

组账户信息。

安全组账户信息。

Shadow 密码套件配置。

用户账户信息。

安全用户账户信息。

Per user subordinate group IDs.

Per user subordinate user IDs.