OPTIONS¶
All options are configured in the "[Manager]"
section:
LogLevel=, LogTarget=, LogColor=,
LogLocation=, DumpCore=yes, CrashChangeVT=no,
CrashShell=no, CrashReboot=no, ShowStatus=yes,
DefaultStandardOutput=journal,
DefaultStandardError=inherit
Configures various parameters of basic manager operation.
These options may be overridden by the respective process and kernel command
line arguments. See
systemd(1) for details.
CtrlAltDelBurstAction=
Defines what action will be performed if user presses
Ctrl-Alt-Delete more than 7 times in 2s. Can be set to
"reboot-force", "poweroff-force",
"reboot-immediate", "poweroff-immediate" or disabled with
"none". Defaults to "reboot-force".
CPUAffinity=
Configures the CPU affinity for the service manager as
well as the default CPU affinity for all forked off processes. Takes a list of
CPU indices or ranges separated by either whitespace or commas. CPU ranges are
specified by the lower and upper CPU indices separated by a dash. This option
may be specified more than once, in which case the specified CPU affinity
masks are merged. If the empty string is assigned, the mask is reset, all
assignments prior to this will have no effect. Individual services may
override the CPU affinity for their processes with the
CPUAffinity=
setting in unit files, see
systemd.exec(5).
JoinControllers=cpu,cpuacct net_cls,netprio
Configures controllers that shall be mounted in a single
hierarchy. By default, systemd will mount all controllers which are enabled in
the kernel in individual hierarchies, with the exception of those listed in
this setting. Takes a space-separated list of comma-separated controller
names, in order to allow multiple joined hierarchies. Defaults to
'cpu,cpuacct'. Pass an empty string to ensure that systemd mounts all
controllers in separate hierarchies.
Note that this option is only applied once, at very early boot. If
you use an initial RAM disk (initrd) that uses systemd, it might hence be
necessary to rebuild the initrd if this option is changed, and make sure the
new configuration file is included in it. Otherwise, the initrd might mount
the controller hierarchies in a different configuration than intended, and
the main system cannot remount them anymore.
NUMAPolicy=
Configures the NUMA memory policy for the service manager
and the default NUMA memory policy for all forked off processes. Individual
services may override the default policy with the
NUMAPolicy= setting
in unit files, see
systemd.exec(5).
NUMAMask=
Configures the NUMA node mask that will be associated
with the selected NUMA policy. Note that
default and
local NUMA
policies don't require explicit NUMA node mask and value of the option can be
empty. Similarly to
NUMAPolicy=, value can be overriden by individual
services in unit files, see
systemd.exec(5).
RuntimeWatchdogSec=, ShutdownWatchdogSec=
Configure the hardware watchdog at runtime and at reboot.
Takes a timeout value in seconds (or in other time units if suffixed with
"ms", "min", "h", "d", "w").
If
RuntimeWatchdogSec= is set to a non-zero value, the watchdog
hardware (/dev/watchdog or the path specified with
WatchdogDevice= or
the kernel option
systemd.watchdog-device=) will be programmed to
automatically reboot the system if it is not contacted within the specified
timeout interval. The system manager will ensure to contact it at least once
in half the specified timeout interval. This feature requires a hardware
watchdog device to be present, as it is commonly the case in embedded and
server systems. Not all hardware watchdogs allow configuration of all possible
reboot timeout values, in which case the closest available timeout is picked.
ShutdownWatchdogSec= may be used to configure the hardware watchdog
when the system is asked to reboot. It works as a safety net to ensure that
the reboot takes place even if a clean reboot attempt times out. Note that the
ShutdownWatchdogSec= timeout applies only to the second phase of the
reboot, i.e. after all regular services are already terminated, and after the
system and service manager process (PID 1) got replaced by the
systemd-shutdown binary, see system
bootup(7) for details. During the
first phase of the shutdown operation the system and service manager remains
running and hence
RuntimeWatchdogSec= is still honoured. In order to
define a timeout on this first phase of system shutdown, configure
JobTimeoutSec= and
JobTimeoutAction= in the "[Unit]"
section of the shutdown.target unit. By default
RuntimeWatchdogSec=
defaults to 0 (off), and
ShutdownWatchdogSec= to 10min. These settings
have no effect if a hardware watchdog is not available.
WatchdogDevice=
Configure the hardware watchdog device that the runtime
and shutdown watchdog timers will open and use. Defaults to /dev/watchdog.
This setting has no effect if a hardware watchdog is not available.
CapabilityBoundingSet=
Controls which capabilities to include in the capability
bounding set for PID 1 and its children. See
capabilities(7) for
details. Takes a whitespace-separated list of capability names as read by
cap_from_name(3). Capabilities listed will be included in the bounding
set, all others are removed. If the list of capabilities is prefixed with ~,
all but the listed capabilities will be included, the effect of the assignment
inverted. Note that this option also affects the respective capabilities in
the effective, permitted and inheritable capability sets. The capability
bounding set may also be individually configured for units using the
CapabilityBoundingSet= directive for units, but note that capabilities
dropped for PID 1 cannot be regained in individual units, they are lost for
good.
NoNewPrivileges=
Takes a boolean argument. If true, ensures that PID 1 and
all its children can never gain new privileges through
execve(2) (e.g.
via setuid or setgid bits, or filesystem capabilities). Defaults to false.
General purpose distributions commonly rely on executables with setuid or
setgid bits and will thus not function properly with this option enabled.
Individual units cannot disable this option. Also see
No New Privileges
Flag[1].
SystemCallArchitectures=
Takes a space-separated list of architecture identifiers.
Selects from which architectures system calls may be invoked on this system.
This may be used as an effective way to disable invocation of non-native
binaries system-wide, for example to prohibit execution of 32-bit x86 binaries
on 64-bit x86-64 systems. This option operates system-wide, and acts similar
to the
SystemCallArchitectures= setting of unit files, see
systemd.exec(5) for details. This setting defaults to the empty list,
in which case no filtering of system calls based on architecture is applied.
Known architecture identifiers are "x86", "x86-64",
"x32", "arm" and the special identifier
"native". The latter implicitly maps to the native architecture of
the system (or more specifically, the architecture the system manager was
compiled for). Set this setting to "native" to prohibit execution of
any non-native binaries. When a binary executes a system call of an
architecture that is not listed in this setting, it will be immediately
terminated with the SIGSYS signal.
TimerSlackNSec=
Sets the timer slack in nanoseconds for PID 1, which is
inherited by all executed processes, unless overridden individually, for
example with the
TimerSlackNSec= setting in service units (for details
see
systemd.exec(5)). The timer slack controls the accuracy of wake-ups
triggered by system timers. See
prctl(2) for more information. Note
that in contrast to most other time span definitions this parameter takes an
integer value in nano-seconds if no unit is specified. The usual time units
are understood too.
DefaultTimerAccuracySec=
Sets the default accuracy of timer units. This controls
the global default for the
AccuracySec= setting of timer units, see
systemd.timer(5) for details.
AccuracySec= set in individual
units override the global default for the specific unit. Defaults to 1min.
Note that the accuracy of timer units is also affected by the configured timer
slack for PID 1, see
TimerSlackNSec= above.
DefaultTimeoutStartSec=, DefaultTimeoutStopSec=,
DefaultRestartSec=
Configures the default timeouts for starting and stopping
of units, as well as the default time to sleep between automatic restarts of
units, as configured per-unit in
TimeoutStartSec=,
TimeoutStopSec= and
RestartSec= (for services, see
systemd.service(5) for details on the per-unit settings). For
non-service units,
DefaultTimeoutStartSec= sets the default
TimeoutSec= value.
DefaultTimeoutStartSec= and
DefaultTimeoutStopSec= default to 90s.
DefaultRestartSec=
defaults to 100ms.
DefaultDeviceTimeoutSec=
Configures the default timeout for waiting for devices.
It can be changed per device via the
x-systemd.device-timeout= option
in /etc/fstab and /etc/crypttab (see
systemd.mount(5),
crypttab(5)). Defaults to 90s.
DefaultStartLimitIntervalSec=,
DefaultStartLimitBurst=
Configure the default unit start rate limiting, as
configured per-service by
StartLimitIntervalSec= and
StartLimitBurst=. See
systemd.service(5) for details on the
per-service settings.
DefaultStartLimitIntervalSec= defaults to 10s.
DefaultStartLimitBurst= defaults to 5.
DefaultEnvironment=
Sets manager environment variables passed to all executed
processes. Takes a space-separated list of variable assignments. See
environ(7) for details about environment variables.
Example:
DefaultEnvironment="VAR1=word1 word2" VAR2=word3 "VAR3=word 5 6"
Sets three variables "VAR1", "VAR2",
"VAR3".
DefaultCPUAccounting=, DefaultBlockIOAccounting=,
DefaultMemoryAccounting=, DefaultTasksAccounting=,
DefaultIPAccounting=
Configure the default resource accounting settings, as
configured per-unit by
CPUAccounting=,
BlockIOAccounting=,
MemoryAccounting=,
TasksAccounting= and
IPAccounting=.
See
systemd.resource-control(5) for details on the per-unit settings.
DefaultTasksAccounting= defaults to on,
DefaultMemoryAccounting=
to yes, the other three settings to off.
DefaultTasksMax=
Configure the default value for the per-unit
TasksMax= setting. See
systemd.resource-control(5) for details.
This setting applies to all unit types that support resource control settings,
with the exception of slice units. Defaults to 80%, which equals 26214 with
the kernel's defaults on the host, but might be smaller in OS
containers.
DefaultLimitCPU=, DefaultLimitFSIZE=,
DefaultLimitDATA=, DefaultLimitSTACK=,
DefaultLimitCORE=, DefaultLimitRSS=,
DefaultLimitNOFILE=, DefaultLimitAS=,
DefaultLimitNPROC=, DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=,
DefaultLimitLOCKS=, DefaultLimitSIGPENDING=,
DefaultLimitMSGQUEUE=, DefaultLimitNICE=,
DefaultLimitRTPRIO=, DefaultLimitRTTIME=
These settings control various default resource limits
for units. See
setrlimit(2) for details. The resource limit is possible
to specify in two formats,
value to set soft and hard limits to the
same value, or
soft:hard to set both limits individually (e.g.
DefaultLimitAS=4G:16G). Use the string
infinity to configure no limit
on a specific resource. The multiplicative suffixes K (=1024), M (=1024*1024)
and so on for G, T, P and E may be used for resource limits measured in bytes
(e.g. DefaultLimitAS=16G). For the limits referring to time values, the usual
time units ms, s, min, h and so on may be used (see
systemd.time(7) for
details). Note that if no time unit is specified for
DefaultLimitCPU=
the default unit of seconds is implied, while for
DefaultLimitRTTIME=
the default unit of microseconds is implied. Also, note that the effective
granularity of the limits might influence their enforcement. For example, time
limits specified for
DefaultLimitCPU= will be rounded up implicitly to
multiples of 1s. These settings may be overridden in individual units using
the corresponding LimitXXX= directives. Note that these resource limits are
only defaults for units, they are not applied to PID 1 itself.