PROLOG¶

This manual page is part of the POSIX Programmer's Manual. The Linux implementation of this interface may differ (consult the corresponding Linux manual page for details of Linux behavior), or the interface may not be implemented on Linux.

NAME¶

sleep — suspend execution for an interval

SYNOPSIS¶

sleep time

DESCRIPTION¶

The sleep utility shall suspend execution for at least the integral number of seconds specified by the time operand.

OPTIONS¶

None.

OPERANDS¶

The following operand shall be supported:

time

A non-negative decimal integer specifying the number of seconds for which to suspend execution.

STDIN¶

Not used.

INPUT FILES¶

None.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES¶

The following environment variables shall affect the execution of sleep:

LANG

Provide a default value for the internationalization variables that are unset or null. (See the Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Section 8.2, Internationalization Variables for the precedence of internationalization variables used to determine the values of locale categories.)

LC_ALL

If set to a non-empty string value, override the values of all the other internationalization variables.

LC_CTYPE

Determine the locale for the interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data as characters (for example, single-byte as opposed to multi-byte characters in arguments).

LC_MESSAGES

Determine the locale that should be used to affect the format and contents of diagnostic messages written to standard error.

NLSPATH

Determine the location of message catalogs for the processing of LC_MESSAGES.

ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS¶

If the sleep utility receives a SIGALRM signal, one of the following actions shall be taken:

1.

Terminate normally with a zero exit status.

2.

Effectively ignore the signal.

3.

Provide the default behavior for signals described in the ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS section of Section 1.4, Utility Description Defaults. This could include terminating with a non-zero exit status.

The sleep utility shall take the standard action for all other signals.

STDOUT¶

Not used.

STDERR¶

The standard error shall be used only for diagnostic messages.

OUTPUT FILES¶

None.

EXTENDED DESCRIPTION¶

None.

EXIT STATUS¶

The following exit values shall be returned:

 0

The execution was successfully suspended for at least time seconds, or a SIGALRM signal was received. See the ASYNCHRONOUS EVENTS section.

>0

An error occurred.

CONSEQUENCES OF ERRORS¶

Default.

The following sections are informative.

APPLICATION USAGE¶

None.

EXAMPLES¶

The sleep utility can be used to execute a command after a certain amount of time, as in:

(sleep 105; command) &

or to execute a command every so often, as in:

while true
do


    command


    sleep 37
done

RATIONALE¶

The exit status is allowed to be zero when sleep is interrupted by the SIGALRM signal because most implementations of this utility rely on the arrival of that signal to notify them that the requested finishing time has been successfully attained. Such implementations thus do not distinguish this situation from the successful completion case. Other implementations are allowed to catch the signal and go back to sleep until the requested time expires or to provide the normal signal termination procedures.

As with all other utilities that take integral operands and do not specify subranges of allowed values, sleep is required by this volume of POSIX.1‐2017 to deal with time requests of up to 2147483647 seconds. This may mean that some implementations have to make multiple calls to the delay mechanism of the underlying operating system if its argument range is less than this.

FUTURE DIRECTIONS¶

None.

SEE ALSO¶

wait

The Base Definitions volume of POSIX.1‐2017, Chapter 8, Environment Variables

The System Interfaces volume of POSIX.1‐2017, alarm(), sleep()

COPYRIGHT¶

Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form from IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 7, 2018 Edition, Copyright (C) 2018 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between this version and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html .

Any typographical or formatting errors that appear in this page are most likely to have been introduced during the conversion of the source files to man page format. To report such errors, see https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/reporting_bugs.html .